The Beautiful Barred Spiral Galaxy – NGC 1365

If you’ve got a few minutes check out the European Space Observatory site and specifically this link, which shows the difference between what we see in the visual part of the spectrum, versus the infrared part of the spectrum in a 38 second movie.

Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1365 - Image courtesy of ESO

There is great interest in the barred spiral galaxies because it is believed that our Milky Way is also a barred spiral.  NGC 1365 is about 200,000 light years across, which makes it about twice as big as our home galaxy.  This galaxy is about 60 million light years from us and is part of the Fornax galaxy cluster.

If you’ve got a few minutes, check out the site.  As you’re gazing at this incredible island of stars, think about how many planets may orbit the 400 billion or so stars in this galaxy, and of those, how many may have life looking back at us in equal awe and wonder…

Till next time,

RC Davison

The Pale Blue Dot

One more blog entry about Carl Sagan, or more precisely, the “Pale Blue Dot”.

The Pale Blue Dot - Image courtesy of NASAThe image on the left is the original “Pale Blue Dot” taken in 1990 by Voyager 1 as it headed out of the Solar System after its encounter with Saturn. NASA took this image in response to a request by Carl Sagan. It’s difficult to see the dot of Earth embedded in the ring of Saturn, but if you follow this link it is visible in the band on the right.

The image below on the left shows the Earth again from the vantage point of Saturn, this time taken by Cassini in 2006.  Lastly, the image on the right shows our home planet and moon as seen from Mars.  This image was taken by the Mars Global Surveyor in May of 2003.

Earth from Cassini - Image courtesy of NASAEarth from Mars - Image courtesy of NASA

The images are not all that impressive by themselves until you step back and realize just what you are looking at.  These are portraits of us—all of us—every human being, animal and plant living on this planet.  Everything that ever lived and died is contained on this blue orb.  We look a lot more fragile from these vantage points then we do when we go through our daily activities, don’t we?

With the recent anniversary of 9-11, it becomes more poignant, to me at least, that this is all we have.  There is no place we can go if things go from bad to worse here, be it global warming, asteroid impact, war or any of a hundred other things that could make Earth inhospitable.  We have no choice for long term survival but to work with each other to make it together on this “Pale Blue Dot”.  United, we can accomplish more for everyone than we can divided, at odds with each other, and the environment.

I think that this is the point Carl Sagan was trying to make with this beautifully simple image of our home planet.

Till next time,

RC Davison

A More Glorious Dawn Awaits…

My fascination with the cosmos is due in part to a wonderful series that ran on PBS in the 1980’s called Cosmos. I will forever be indebted to Carl Sagan for escorting me, and millions of others on a journey of the imagination to explore the Universe we live in.  I’ve never met Dr. Sagan, but for some strange reason I find myself missing him.  Maybe it is because he spoke to a future that included us exploring this amazing cosmos in which we live, and that our challenges came not from each other, but from trying to understand the Universe.

There is a web site called the Symphony of Science, which has a collection of songs and videos that feature Carl Sagan and other prominent scientists in a rather interesting mash-up of scientific dialog, acoustic and electronic music and effects.  The first to be produced is called “A Glorious Dawn” and you may already be aware of it.  I found it a very moving and uplifting song/video, and I’m not one for “auto-tuning”.  I’d strongly suggest you check them out if you have a chance, as they are pleasing on many levels, from the background musical, the visuals and especially the lyrics.

Lastly, I’d like to leave you with an image of a binary star system (LL Pegasi – also known as AFGL 3068) that the Hubble Space Telescope has taken, which I feel is the embodiment of the Cosmos Carl Sagan talks about.  It is visually beautiful, and as you understand how the structure was formed, it is even more fascinating.  I won’t go into details about it, you can check out the Space Telescope site, and Phil Plate’s Bad Astronomy Blog (which is really good!) for more details and discussions on how it formed.

Binary Star System AFGL 3068 - Image courtesy of NASA

Thank you, Carl…

Till next time.

RC Davison

Our Active Cosmos

It is way too easy to dismiss the Universe as a static entity that doesn’t change as we go about our daily activities.  We catch a glimpse of the night sky from time to time, but never stop and watch it night after night as our ancestors did.  Thanks to modern technology we can compress years into seconds, and see amazing things unfold that we would have missed otherwise.

A good example of this is the supernova 1987A (which occurred in 1987) in the Large Magellanic Cloud.  In this video you can see how the shock wave has propagated through space from 1994 to 2006. This image from Hubble (below) shows in even better detail the shock wave as it heats the gas and dust that were ejected from the star thousands of years before it went nova. Shocked Region Around SN 1987A
Source: Hubblesite.org

Another video that always amazes me is one from the European Southern Observatory (ESO) that shows the stars at the center of the Milky Way orbiting around a dark common point over a period of16 years.  This common point is undoubtedly a massive black hole.  It can not be seen in the images, but by the motion of the stars, the mass of the object has been calculated to be about 4 million times the mass of our Sun.  You can read more about this in an article I did: “Stellar Motion: Do Stars Really Move?”

Our Universe is constantly changing.  We just have to slow down enough to see it.

Till next time,

RC Davison

Do They Know We’re Here?

A week or so ago SETIcon went on in Santa Clara, California.  This is a convention led by the SETI Institute, which is devoted to investigating the possibility of life elsewhere in the cosmos.  There was some buzz about whether or not we should try to broadcast messages advertising that we are here, and interested in communicating.  There was a range of responses from ‘no, we shouldn’t advertise our presence because an alien species might come and do us harm’ (a point of view expressed by Dr. Stephen Hawking) to ‘well it’s too late, since we’ve been broadcasting our presence from the first radio messages that were transmitted in the late 1890’s, early 1900’s’.  This point was echoed by Dr. Seth Shostak of the SETI Institute.

I happen to agree with Dr. Shostak.  We’ve been broadcasting radio signals for over 100 years, and they’ve only become richer with more information as time has passed.  The fears that an alien culture would come here and use us as a food source ignores the reality that we have bacterial, parasitical and viral components that they would probably have no immune defense for.

Just think about what we go through to travel around the world today, in 2010.  We have to be immunized against many of the diseases that are common in certain parts of the world, and/or take other precautions to minimize our chances of exposure to debilitating or even deadly diseases.  In most places you are cautioned about drinking the local water.  We all evolved on this planet – humans, plants, animals, bacteria, viruses, parasites and what ever I’ve forgotten.  What is ET going to do when they have us for dinner?

Of course, one could argue that they may have the technology to inoculate themselves from our little bugs, but why come all this way to have to do that when you can eat the food you’ve evolved eating on your home planet?

Another fear is that they will strip mine our planet.  From what we’ve already learned from Kepler in its first year of service looking for extrasolar planets, (see Blog 24. July 2010) I’ve got a feeling that most of the over 300 billion stars in the Milky Way have some sort of planetary/debris structure orbiting them.  These will be vast reservoirs of minerals, elements and compounds much closer to their home planet.  They won’t need to travel all the way to Earth to pick them up.

So, if they know we are here, and if they have the technology to travel across the cosmos to visit us, we really don’t have much to say about it.  To try to guess whether their intentions are peaceful or not, is a fruitless exercise.  We only have our own history of aggressive expansion and violent behavior as an example of what an advanced society can do.  We shouldn’t judge extra-planetary civilizations based on our violent past, and the way Hollywood has portrayed extraterrestrials.

One last thought.  Even if we didn’t invent radio transmissions when we did, an advanced civilization would have the technology to know that our planet exists.  And, if they are within about 200 lightyears of us, they would have seen the composition of our atmosphere change (or begin to change) over the last 2 centuries.  This would surely be a flag that something was interesting was going on here!

What do you think?

As always, comments are greatly appreciated.

Till next time,

RC Davison

Kepler And The Search For Extrasolar Planets

NASA’s Kepler mission was launched in March of 2009 with the purpose of simultaneously studying about a 100,000 stars located within a 10 degree field in the direction of the constellation Cygnus.  Kepler is looking for the dimming of the light from these stars to indicate a planet passing, or transiting in front of the star. To label a detection a possible planet, Kepler needs to see the transit at least 4 times.

Within a little over a year’s worth of operation, Kepler has found over 700 possible planets!  Since we’ve been turning telescopes to the sky we’ve only managed to find about 400 exoplanets, and these discoveries have only come in the last 5 -10 years!  But, just think about this for a moment.  Kepler only sees planets that pass between the stars and Earth (in our line of sight), and only those that have passed in front of the stars at least 4 times since it has been watching.  What about those planets that are orbiting perpendicular to our field of view, and what about those planets that have orbital periods of 3, 5, 10, or 20 years or more?

There are a lot more planets out there than we are seeing and I think a lot more that we may have ever imagined!  The more planets, the greater the chances of extraterrestrial life.  What wonders await us in the cosmos?!

(Check out Kepler’s web site for much more great info about this mission.)

Till next time

RC Davison

New Bill To Study Asteroid Threat Is Now In Congress

Thanks to the efforts of California’s Representative, Dana Rohrabacher, a bill (H.R. 5587) has been introduced to Congress to study the threat of asteroid impacts on Earth.  The bill, titled: “To establish a United States Commission on Planetary Defense, and for other purposes.” is to spend not more than $2 million on establishing the commission for the purpose of:

    • (1) determine capabilities of United States Government entities, nongovernment organizations, foreign governments and entities, and international bodies to detect, characterize, and neutralize potentially dangerous Near Earth Objects (in this Act referred to as `NEOs’);
    • (2) identify and evaluate roles and responsibilities of United States Government entities to detect, characterize, and neutralize potentially dangerous NEOs;
    • (3) determine United States effectiveness in leading international efforts to detect, characterize, and neutralize potentially dangerous NEOs;
    • (4) build upon United States Government and foreign analyses, studies, and assessments, without duplicating efforts, to determine current and required NEO characterization and mitigation capabilities;
    • (5) identify and report on technology development required to provide effective planetary defense from dangerous NEOs; and
    • (6) investigate and report to the President and Congress on its findings, conclusions, and recommendations for corrective measures that can be taken to provide planetary defense.

While this is not funding for an actual search, it is funding that should allow us to understand what our capabilities are, what the threat is, and how to organize a united world-wide effort.  It’s a start!

The bill has been referred to the Committee on Science and Technology for review.   Check out the link above to view the complete bill, or this link for a more complete discussion.

Remember, every journey starts with one step…

Till next time,

RC Davison

Science Fiction Podcasts

If you’ve checked out the site, and the blog, you’ll know my passion for science.  So, for me, writing science fiction is a natural extension of that passion.  As far as I’m concerned science and science fiction go hand-in-hand.  And, I firmly believe they drive each other in a convoluted closed loop.

The more that science advances, the larger the base of material a writer has to build upon.  Applying their imagination, and pushing the boundaries of what we can dream of. In turn, that stimulates the minds of the readers, (especially the young ones) laying the ground work they will use when they contribute to society by conducting research and pushing the boundaries of what is possible.  The cycle continues.

Where am I going with this? Well, I just wanted to bring to your attention a few podcast sites that I’ve been following for a while: The Drabblecast, Escape Pod, and PodCastle.

Drabblecast and Escape Pod are Sci-Fi sites, while Podcastle is mainly a Fantasy site, but sometimes that line is not too clear.  The people behind these sites typically put up an audio version of a short story, sometimes  with multiple voice actors, sound effects and music.  They typically run about 30 minutes, but occasionally may run longer. Some of these stories are Hugo Award winners/nominees, and some of the authors are very well know in the publishing world.  You might be amazed at some of the work that comes from people who are new to the industry.

I have no affiliation with these sites, so there is nothing in it for me to promote them other than the pleasure of knowing that I’ve turned someone else on to some great story telling. The bottom line is that there are some really great Sci-Fi short stories  being written and nicely produced.  Of course, not every story will be meet your expectations, but that’s life.  I’ve found that even if I didn’t care for the story, the narration or production makes for an entertaining listen.

Check them out if you get a chance.  I think you’ll be glad you did.  There are extensive archives on each site, so you’ll have a lot to listen to.  (The links to these sites are also on the side of the page under Links.)

Till next time,

RC Davison

Pan-STARRS and NEOs

Pan-STARRS, the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System, has begun operations with a working prototype – PS1 in Haleakala, Maui.  The final version of this effort – PS4 – will be four times as powerful as the prototype. A very impressive piece of hardware, indeed!  PS1 has a 1.8 meter primary mirror with a CCD array that has a total 1.4 gigapixels and covers a 3 degree field of view.  It will map over 6000 square degrees of the night sky each night!

The mission for PS1, besides being a proving ground for the complete system, is to monitor the Solar System for near Earth objects or NEOs.  These include asteroids and comets, and with Pan-STARRS’ ability to detect objects down to a magnitude of 24 (over 29 with some averaging of images taken over a few years) it is going to unveil an enormous number of NEOs — how about an estimated 100,000 asteroids/comets, along with 5 billion stars and 500 million galaxies over the next 3 years!

Pan-STARRS will also be doing active research in astronomy and cosmology in addition to scoping-out our local neighborhood – inside and outside our Solar System, where it will search for red and brown dwarf stars.   But, with regard to the search for Earth-crossing NEOs, Pan-STARRS will be our first line of defense in identifying threats.  We need to start developing plans to use this information should the worst case scenario occur.

For more details check out my article on Pan-STARRS on www.Brighthub.com.

Till next time,

RC Davison

ORBITAL MANEUVERS now available in multiple ebook formats

For those of you who don’t want to lug around a hard-copy of ORBITAL MANEUVERS, or don’t own a Kindle, you can now download a digital version that is compatible with the iPhone, iPad, Palm, Sony Reader and more at Smashwords.com.

I’m looking forward to some great feedback — the only way to improve the process!

Enjoy!

Till next time,

RC  Davison